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The Science Behind SG Gas
- Our Theory
- The Differences
- Patent Status
Our Theory Behind the Discovery
No one has ever seen a molecule of water, much less observed how atoms move with attracting and retracting forces. We have observed unique properties of the gas, named SG Gas, that do not follow all traditional theories of chemistry and physics. This makes sense since we understand that astronomers have observed hydrogen, for instance, to have different properties in the atmosphere. Our first objective was to explain our observations and develop a plausible theory, which continues to be refined through our ongoing research efforts. We acknowledge that this new Technology can not be advanced without first defining this Discovery, developing a broad understanding of this new science, and working with others on practical applications for SG Gas and gas-infused water in multiple industrial and commercial sectors.
SG Gas is a single or linear molecule that we call "Hydroxyhydrogen" or O—HH. Our theory on SG Gas involves no split of a water molecule (H2O) into its base components of oxygen and hydrogen. Rather, the invention involves a shift of one hydrogen within a water molecule (H2O) to create a diatomic bond of two hydrogens with the oxygen. The combination of the electric and magnetic forces associated with our invention, restructures the water molecule and creates the resulting O--HH molecule.
In considering the proven theories of electronegativity, a single oxygen atom has an electronegativity of 3.5 and hydrogen is 2.2. We theorize that the two hydrogens in a water molecule have different bonding characteristics or strengths to the single oxygen. We are of the opinion that the positive bond of one hydrogen to the oxygen has a stronger bond (electronegativity of 2.2) while the second negative bond hydrogen to the oxygen has a weaker attraction (assume the balance of electronegativity of 1.3). Our Discovery involves the bombardment of electrically charged electrons that causes a displacement of the second negative bond hydrogen from the oxygen and the closest attraction for this displaced hydrogen will be the first positive bonded hydrogen to the oxygen. This new more linear arrangement creates an O-HH molecule that is positive at one end and negative at the other end.
A more sophisticated discussion of our theory deals with applying Gauss’ Law to hydrogen. Gauss’ Law states there are no monopoles in magnetism, only dipoles. It is well known that liquid water forms hydrogen bonds with other water molecules in order to remain in a liquid solution. Hydrogen has polar properties that opens up a new configuration, one in which a hydrogen can be bound to another hydrogen and an oxygen. Upon exposure to an electric current, the electronegative strength of the oxygen atom is weakened, allowing a hydrogen atom to dislodge and magnetically bond to the other hydrogen atom that is strengthened by the magnetic field. Hence, the electric and magnetic forces made possible a shift of a hydrogen from H―O―H to O―H―H creating a diatomic hydrogen molecule that is single bonded to atomic oxygen. As the exposed oxygen is a reactive site on the gas molecule an appropriate name is "hydroxyhydrogen". This hydroxyhydrogen structure predicts that the oxygen is now active and can oxidize metals. It predicts that in the unburned gaseous state, the increased negative charge causes greater spacing among the gas molecules causing stability, a lower boiling point, a lower freezing point, a higher vapor pressure, and the gas is lighter than air.
Additional science and related diagrams on this molecular theory can be found in our pending patent applications.
Differences from Other Water-Generated Gases
The WIT inventors have conceived of a new isomer of water – it contains the same atoms, only in a different configuration and thus exhibits different properties from normal water vapor. The gas does not cluster to create liquid water at regular atmospheric temperatures and pressures as does the molecules of normal water vapor. The gas exists in a higher energy state, and as such, burns by itself at a low temperature, melting any substrates when exposed to the gas flame. The gas flame has a uniform blue color appearance without yellow sparks indicative of water (H2O) vapor or red sparks indicative of either H2 or O2 gas contamination. Hence, we call the resulting gas (SG Gas) an ionized gas or a plasma gas.
Other gases developed by Rhodes and Brown are "dirty cocktails" with mixtures of gases including H2 or O2 gases that are generated from heat-producing electrolysis processes and can be explosive.
It must be clear in our process of creating SG Gas, electrolysis does not take place. "Electrolysis" is defined as a "method of separating chemically bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them." Electrolysis does not take place and no splitting of the water molecular bonds occurs, as is demonstrated by the fact that no increase in hydrogen or oxygen gas can be measured in the reaction zone during the production of SG Gas. This is a key differentiator from the processes that have resulted in other gases that were and are produced by electrolysis of water. The gases produced by electrolysis exhibit far different properties from that of SG Gas. Gases produced by electrolysis are explosive, cannot be pressurized and are heat-producing gases on ignition.
Our process for creating the more stable, safer SG Gas is neither heat producing (no electrolysis) nor involves any splitting of hydrogen and oxygen bonds from the water molecule that could create an explosive situation.
- SG Gas Appearance: Colorless, odorless and tasteless.
- Freezing Point: SG Gas does not freeze at 32o F. Gas bubbles form from SG Gas infused water after being poured into ice cubes trays and placed in a regular home freezer. The photo shows "unfrozen" SG Gas escaping from the gas bubbles under the surface of the ice cube and forming spicules of ice above the ice cubes in the tray.
- Stability: SG Gas has greater spacing of gas molecules and a higher vapor pressure.
- Pressurization: SG Gas can be stored and transported under pressures at least 1,000 psi
. - Flame when SG Gas is Ignited: Uniform blue color appearance without yellow sparks indicative of water (H2O) vapor or red sparks indicative of either H2 or O2 gas contamination.
- Flame Temperature: SG Gas flame has an estimated temperature of 270o F. while ignition of either H2 or O2 gas torch flame can reach temperatures of over 5,000o F.
- Reaction to Other Materials: SG Gas is an ionized gas or plasma gas that will, when ignited, and the flame applied to a solid substrate, melt nearly any substance within less than one minute, including metals and oxidized ceramic.
- Implosive Nature: SG Gas when ignited, is safer since it will implode instead of explode similar to that of H2 or O2 gas.
- Infusion: When SG gas is infused into a water cluster it will bond to the water molecules and create a much smaller cluster of a different shape and properties allowing it to penetrate cells and hydrate animals and plants at a substantially faster rate.
- Boiling Point: SG Gas infused into pure water has a lower boiling point.
- Oxidation/Reduction: SG Gas is an ionized gas with the potential to oxidize or reduce any substance. On a non-oxidized substrate, such as steel, the active oxygen within the molecule will chemically bond to the steel bringing it immediately to its melting temperature and releasing hydrogen, which bonds with atmospheric oxygen to produce heat. On an oxidized substrate, such as ceramic, the hydrogen reduces the substrate by chemically bonding with the oxygen present within the substrate, melting the material and releasing atomic oxygen, which then bonds with the material. This double reaction is responsible for producing much more heat than an ordinary oxidation reduction reaction.
- Expansion Rates: When ordinary gases, such as: methane, ethane, propane, butane, or acetylene are applied to rusty steel, popping and spitting of material occurs due to the explosive reaction of the ferrous oxide being separated from the non-oxidized metal due to different expansion rates. With SG Gas, this does not occur which leads us to predict oxidation and reduction are occurring simultaneously, and the expansion rates are equal.
- Even Expansion Characteristics: On concrete when heat from an ordinary gas is applied, the portion the flame touches will expand and break loose from the rest of the concrete with an explosive force and spit pieces of hot concrete outward and leave holes in the concrete surface. This does not occur with SG Gas because it is being reduced to a liquid form before the pressure of uneven expansion occurs. This process also can produce more effective bonding of diamonds to steel in the manufacturing of cutting tools.
Simply stated, SG Gas is an ionized gas capable of oxidizing or reducing almost any material without the adverse reactions created by heat producing flames. Heat is the by product of friction, in chemistry two atoms colliding together in a reaction known as oxidation and reduction cause this friction. A gas, referred to as a fuel, is usually a hydrocarbon that is easily oxidized, however, the carbon is actually what is being oxidized and the oxygen is being reduced meaning this is where friction occurs and these are the items being heated. Heat given off by these substances is refractive heat and the substances being heated are absorbing heat or, better stated, are being bombarded by fast moving hot gases. SG Gas may change the definition of melting point due to the lack of heat producing flames.
Our Patent Status
The core WIT Technology is covered by pending patents and trade secrets to allow a broad spectrum of application in meeting human and environmental needs.
Ted Suratt (left) and Rob Gourley (right), discovered SG Gas and SG Gas-infused Water and are founders of WIT International, L.L.C.
The title of the pending Patent is "Method for Making a Gas from an Aqueous Fluid, Product of the Method, and Apparatus Therefor" and was prepared by WIT Inventors Ted Suratt and Robinson Burroughs Gourley. The International Publication Date under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) was October 30, 2008 (PCT/US2008/060666 and International Publication Number WO 2008/131126 A1).
The Priority Patent was filed in April of 2007, and that date is brought forward in the PCT. Attorney Eugenia Hansen of Hemingway and Hansen of Dallas, Texas assisted WIT in the PCT preparation. The PCT was subsequently filed in April of 2008. In 2008, the research paper from Korea was produced with no directly relevant pre-existing patent identified. We subsequently filed a supplement with the USPTO that identified over 100 prior art patents with a narrative that identified differences from our Discovery. These other patents typically identified a splitting of the hydrogen and oxygen bonds using heat-producing processes or electrolysis which is contrary to our low-heat, collapsing magnetic field process and apparatus for generating SG Gas. Claims on the infusion of O—HH or SG Gas into pure water, a significant part of our novel Discovery, also are contained in our Patent applications and no relevant prior art was identified. We have initiated the National Phase entry process. On September 11, 2009, we received a favorable report from the U.S. International Preliminary Examining Authority (IPEA) entitled "International Preliminary Report on Patentability" in accordance with Chapter 11 of the PCT. Our claims on process, apparatus and uses for SG Gas and SG Gas-infused Water were preliminarily designated to have "Novelty" by the US IPEA. International filing in over 10 international patent offices including the European Patent Union occurred in the Fall of 2009.
In November of 2010, the USPTO Federal Attorney recommended through a Restriction Requirement that the 44 claims in the PCT should be divided into fourteen groups. Each of these divisionals may be subsequently filed at any time, after the first group continues with the PCT. Based upon the advice from our Patent Attorney not to appeal the USPTO Restriction Requirement, we decided on filing Claims 1 through 19 of the PCT as the first group that describes the apparatus, process and the product of SG Gas itself. The USPTO office anticipates completion of U.S. review of the PCT (Claims 1 through 19) in April of 2011. We anticipate final U.S. patent approval in the Summer of 2011, and will be filing divisionals when the time is right.
Since the National Phase filing of the PCT in the latter part of 2010, the inventors of WIT have continued their advances in commercial applications of the Technology. They also have filed improvement (provisional) patent applications on characterization of SG Gas as a cluster compound and the novel water reclaim system using SG Gas. The latter has significant applications in car wash industry for water conservation, reduction of chemical and enzymatic uses, improved quality of water for spot-free rinses, and lower capital and operation costs. This same new Technology has wide application in municipal water treatment facilities, laundries and water recycle systems on cruise boats.
Patent Timeline
April 2007 Priority Patent filing with USPTO.
April 2008 PCT filing with USPTO.
Summer of 2008 International Preliminary Report on Patentability
(Korean Research Report).
September 2009 U.S. International Preliminary Examining Authority
(IPEA) Report.
October 2009 PCT International and USPTO filings.
May 2010 Ted Suratt, co-inventor of WIT, filed a Provisional
Application for Disclosure of Novel Gas Formula (SG
Cluster Gas).
November 2010 Ted Suratt, co-inventor of WIT, filed a Provisional
Application for Water Reclaim System.
November 2010 Restriction Requirement on the PCT from the USPTO.
December 2010 Filing of the First Group (Claims 1 through 19) for
PCT with USPTO.